{"id":4662,"date":"2024-10-11T09:26:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T09:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/cosa-facciamo\/ricerca\/"},"modified":"2025-06-27T09:30:56","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T09:30:56","slug":"research-development","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/en\/what-we-do\/research-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Research &amp; Development"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4662\" class=\"elementor elementor-4662 elementor-207\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d37e38 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"1d37e38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d997145\" data-id=\"d997145\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e9db2fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e9db2fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research &amp; Development<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8e01403 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"8e01403\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d1f51e\" data-id=\"0d1f51e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-89576e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"89576e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d18e421\" data-id=\"d18e421\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cb669a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cb669a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The research and development activities of PHEM include various sectors of modern epidemiology, which concerns the study, over time and space, of the variations that occur during diseases caused by populations of harmful organisms on plant.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-582237f2 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"582237f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3411d219\" data-id=\"3411d219\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cfd8b9 e-grid e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3cfd8b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96c3102 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96c3102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The studies are therefore focused on the population dynamics of harmful organisms and host plants, host-pathogen interactions that cause diseases, the multitrophic relationships that develop between plants and harmful arthropods, and the effects of the environment and anthropogenic interventions.<\/p><p>These studies aim to develop accurate and robust process-based mathematical models for the simulation\/prediction of epidemics through an original and innovative working method that includes the following phases:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20ed7a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-feature-list\" data-id=\"20ed7a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-feature-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"-icon-position-left -tablet-icon-position-left -mobile-icon-position-left\">\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"eael-feature-list-20ed7a8\" class=\"eael-feature-list-items circle stacked  eael-feature-list-vertical\" data-layout-tablet=\"vertical\" data-layout-mobile=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t                <li class=\"eael-feature-list-item elementor-repeater-item-c7c52d7\">\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-feature-list-icon fl-icon-0\">\n\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/icona-phem-vett-corretta.svg\" class=\"eael-feature-list-img\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-content-box\">\n                            <h4 class=\"eael-feature-list-title\">Systematic literature review <\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"eael-feature-list-content\">and meta-analysis of the literature data<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t                <li class=\"eael-feature-list-item elementor-repeater-item-64085e0\">\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-feature-list-icon fl-icon-1\">\n\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/icona-phem-vett-corretta.svg\" class=\"eael-feature-list-img\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-content-box\">\n                            <h4 class=\"eael-feature-list-title\">Definition of the modelling framework<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"eael-feature-list-content\">through Systems analysis<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t                <li class=\"eael-feature-list-item elementor-repeater-item-fa8b002\">\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-feature-list-icon fl-icon-2\">\n\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/icona-phem-vett-corretta.svg\" class=\"eael-feature-list-img\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-content-box\">\n                            <h4 class=\"eael-feature-list-title\">Acquisition of the necessary data<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"eael-feature-list-content\">for the development of mathematical equations linking the development of harmful organisms to meteorological variables, host plant development, and cropping conditions<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t                <li class=\"eael-feature-list-item elementor-repeater-item-d896601\">\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-feature-list-icon fl-icon-3\">\n\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/icona-phem-vett-corretta.svg\" class=\"eael-feature-list-img\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-content-box\">\n                            <h4 class=\"eael-feature-list-title\">Biological validation of the model<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"eael-feature-list-content\">through the use of independent datasets and appropriate statistical techniques<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t                <li class=\"eael-feature-list-item elementor-repeater-item-89acace\">\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-icon-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-feature-list-icon fl-icon-4\">\n\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/icona-phem-vett-corretta.svg\" class=\"eael-feature-list-img\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-feature-list-content-box\">\n                            <h4 class=\"eael-feature-list-title\">Development of crop defense strategies<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"eael-feature-list-content\">based on the model's outputs<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e2185c e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8e2185c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a15c5 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52a15c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-376837f elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"376837f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-text_center\"><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">PHEM develops mathematical models for<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"s1\">disease agents, mycotoxin-producing fungi, plant-feeding arthropods and disease vectors, and weeds within the framework of research projects funded at various levels (from international to local projects), on behalf of public institutions and private companies offering 4.0 Agriculture solutions for plant protection.<\/span> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae20042 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae20042\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fe5746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7fe5746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-1@2x.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDY2MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5wbGFudGhlYWx0aG1vZGVsbGluZy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAxXC9pbW1hZ2luZS1yaWNlcmNhLTFAMngud2VicCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-1@2x.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4663\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-1@2x.webp 1800w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-1@2x-300x260.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-1@2x-1024x887.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-1@2x-768x666.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-1@2x-1536x1331.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-830dd47 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"830dd47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162414d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"162414d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-2@2x.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDc0NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5wbGFudGhlYWx0aG1vZGVsbGluZy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAxXC9pbW1hZ2luZS1yaWNlcmNhLTJAMngud2VicCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-2@2x.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4745\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-2@2x.webp 1800w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-2@2x-300x260.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-2@2x-1024x887.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-2@2x-768x666.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.planthealthmodelling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immagine-ricerca-2@2x-1536x1331.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2a1b83 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6b2a1b83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45136028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45136028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plant Health Modelling \u2013 Research Centre<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dbd7727 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6dbd7727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Want to know more?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f918d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f918d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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The studies are therefore focused on the population dynamics of harmful organisms and host plants, host-pathogen interactions that cause diseases, the multitrophic relationships that develop between plants and harmful arthropods, and the effects of the environment and anthropogenic interventions. These studies aim to develop accurate and robust process-based mathematical models for the simulation\/prediction of epidemics through an original and innovative working method that includes the following phases: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the literature data Definition of the modelling framework through Systems analysis Acquisition of the necessary data for the development of mathematical equations linking the development of harmful organisms to meteorological variables, host plant development, and cropping conditions Biological validation of the model through the use of independent datasets and appropriate statistical techniques Development of crop defense strategies based on the model&#8217;s outputs PHEM develops mathematical models for disease agents, mycotoxin-producing fungi, plant-feeding arthropods and disease vectors, and weeds within the framework of research projects funded at various levels (from international to local projects), on behalf of public institutions and private companies offering 4.0 Agriculture solutions for plant protection. Plant Health Modelling \u2013 Research Centre Want to know more? 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